{
  "districtId": "BU-23",
  "slug": "nalanda",
  "name": "Nalanda",
  "sourceName": "Nalanda",
  "lgdCode": "209",
  "census": {
    "lgdCode": "209",
    "name": "Nalanda",
    "slug": "nalanda",
    "population2011": 2877653,
    "ruralPopulation2011": 2419759,
    "urbanPopulation2011": 457894,
    "urbanShare2011": 15.912064449744287,
    "literacyPercent2011": 64.4,
    "maleLiteracyPercent2011": 74.9,
    "femaleLiteracyPercent2011": 53.1,
    "density2011": 1222,
    "malePopulation2011": null,
    "femalePopulation2011": null,
    "sexRatio2011": 922,
    "workforce2011": null,
    "economy": {
      "referencePeriod": "2023-24",
      "gddpCurrentLakh": 2165176,
      "perCapitaIncomeRupees": 63911
    },
    "crops": {
      "referencePeriod": "2024-25",
      "riceTonnes": 392926,
      "wheatTonnes": 307072,
      "maizeTonnes": 26317,
      "cerealsTonnes": 726486
    },
    "sourceUrls": [
      "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/getDistrictDetails?districtCode=209"
    ],
    "sourcePage": "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/",
    "sourceId": "bihar-des-district-facts",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-25",
    "sourcePrecision": {
      "literacyPercent": "one decimal, as republished by DES",
      "population": "persons, exact integer count in DES response"
    },
    "correction": null,
    "caveats": [
      "Census2011 demographic snapshot, not current population.",
      "Density is source-published Census2011 density; never divide the count by the 2021 map area.",
      "Literacy rates are republished rounded values.",
      "Current-price district income2023-24 is not household income or GDP per person.",
      "Crop quantities2024-25 have a different reference period from economic data."
    ],
    "reuse": {
      "termsUrl": "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/websitePolicy",
      "terms": "Accurate attributed reproduction under DES website terms; third-party rights preserved; no endorsement.",
      "underlyingCensusCatalog": "https://www.data.gov.in/catalog/villagetown-wise-primary-census-abstract-2011-bihar",
      "underlyingCensusLicense": "Government Open Data License–India (OGD catalog); do not claim this standard licence for all DES economics/crops."
    },
    "sexRatioSourceUrl": "https://statedata.bihar.gov.in/dataLab/assets/js/31_10_2025_chart.js"
  },
  "odop": {
    "districtId": "BU-23",
    "slug": "nalanda",
    "districtName": "Nalanda",
    "product": "Potato based Products",
    "referencePeriod": "2024",
    "sourceId": "mofpi-odop-2024",
    "sourceSerial": 24,
    "sourcePage": 7,
    "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source"
  },
  "heritage": {
    "districtId": "BU-23",
    "slug": "nalanda",
    "districtName": "Nalanda",
    "count": 8,
    "referencePeriod": "2023-07-31",
    "sourceId": "asi-parliament-2023",
    "sourcePage": 3,
    "sourceSerial": 11,
    "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source"
  },
  "monuments": [
    {
      "sourceSerial": 228,
      "name": "Ancient mound",
      "locality": "Bargaon",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 229,
      "name": "Tomb of Malik Ibrahim Bayu",
      "locality": "Bihar Sharif",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 230,
      "name": "Ancient remains known as Garh",
      "locality": "Ghorakatora",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 231,
      "name": "Statue of Buddha",
      "locality": "Jagdishpur",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 232,
      "name": "All mounds, structures and buildings enclosed in the acquired area",
      "locality": "Nalanda",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 233,
      "name": "All ancient structures and other monuments",
      "locality": "Rajgir",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 234,
      "name": "All ancient structures and all artificial ancient remains which are situated within a distance of half a mile of the said two ancient cities known as old and new Rajgriha",
      "locality": "Rajgir",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sourceSerial": 235,
      "name": "Walls of the two ancient cities known as old and new Rajgriha",
      "locality": "Rajgir",
      "districtId": "BU-23",
      "slug": "nalanda",
      "sourceDistrict": "Nalanda",
      "sourcePage": 7,
      "sourceId": "nma-asi-list",
      "referencePeriod": null,
      "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
      "caveats": [
        "Source publication date not provided; district attribution retained as printed, including historical assignments",
        "Not an exhaustive list of district heritage or a visitor-access guarantee"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "climate": {
    "districtId": "BU-23",
    "slug": "nalanda",
    "districtName": "Nalanda",
    "representativePoint": [
      85.53694,
      25.20918
    ],
    "representativePointMethod": "Turf pointOnFeature on geoBoundaries source shape; rounded to five decimal degrees",
    "referencePeriod": "2001–2020",
    "sourceId": "nasa-power-2001-2020",
    "sourceUrl": "https://power.larc.nasa.gov/api/temporal/climatology/point?parameters=T2M,T2M_MAX,T2M_MIN&community=AG&longitude=85.53694&latitude=25.20918&format=JSON&start=2001&end=2020",
    "sourceApiVersion": "v2.10.1",
    "sourceHeaderRange": "20-year Meteorological and Solar Monthly & Annual Climatologies (January 2001 - December 2020)",
    "grid": "MERRA-2 native meteorology grid: 0.5° latitude × 0.625° longitude",
    "unit": "°C",
    "months": [
      {
        "month": "JAN",
        "mean": 15.63,
        "modelMaximum": 30.67,
        "modelMinimum": 1.77
      },
      {
        "month": "FEB",
        "mean": 20.06,
        "modelMaximum": 38.36,
        "modelMinimum": 4.7
      },
      {
        "month": "MAR",
        "mean": 25.98,
        "modelMaximum": 42.26,
        "modelMinimum": 8.98
      },
      {
        "month": "APR",
        "mean": 31.75,
        "modelMaximum": 45.82,
        "modelMinimum": 16.26
      },
      {
        "month": "MAY",
        "mean": 34.53,
        "modelMaximum": 46.9,
        "modelMinimum": 20.15
      },
      {
        "month": "JUN",
        "mean": 33.87,
        "modelMaximum": 47.5,
        "modelMinimum": 22.83
      },
      {
        "month": "JUL",
        "mean": 30,
        "modelMaximum": 40.6,
        "modelMinimum": 24.48
      },
      {
        "month": "AUG",
        "mean": 28.87,
        "modelMaximum": 37.75,
        "modelMinimum": 23.26
      },
      {
        "month": "SEP",
        "mean": 27.77,
        "modelMaximum": 34.8,
        "modelMinimum": 19.52
      },
      {
        "month": "OCT",
        "mean": 25.13,
        "modelMaximum": 34.45,
        "modelMinimum": 11.95
      },
      {
        "month": "NOV",
        "mean": 20.56,
        "modelMaximum": 33.5,
        "modelMinimum": 8.06
      },
      {
        "month": "DEC",
        "mean": 16.41,
        "modelMaximum": 31.25,
        "modelMinimum": 1.99
      }
    ],
    "annualMean": 25.9,
    "summerMeanMAM": 30.753333333333334,
    "winterMeanDJF": 17.366666666666664,
    "summerModelMaximum": 46.9,
    "winterModelMinimum": 1.77,
    "retrievalDate": "2026-10-25",
    "verificationState": "retrieved-period-checked",
    "caveats": [
      "Point sample of coarse reanalysis grid; not a district average or weather-station record",
      "Summer=MAM; winter=DJF. Seasonal means are equal-month means of monthly climatological means",
      "Maximum/minimum are model parameter extrema for the period, not observed station records"
    ]
  },
  "rainfall": {
    "districtId": "BU-23",
    "slug": "nalanda",
    "districtName": "Nalanda",
    "sourceDistrictName": "Nalanda",
    "referencePeriod": "1951–2000",
    "sourceId": "imd-rainfall-1951-2000",
    "unit": "mm",
    "monthlyNormals": [
      11.5,
      8.4,
      8.6,
      7.7,
      26.7,
      131.4,
      292.5,
      252.7,
      194.4,
      49.9,
      5.7,
      5.9
    ],
    "annualNormal": 995.4,
    "monsoonNormalJJAS": 871,
    "monsoonMethod": "Sum of printed June, July, August and September monthly normals",
    "monthlyRainyDays": [
      0.8,
      0.8,
      0.7,
      0.6,
      1.6,
      5.7,
      12.5,
      11.5,
      8.5,
      2.2,
      0.4,
      0.5
    ],
    "annualRainyDays": 45.8,
    "rainyDayDefinition": "Day with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more",
    "verificationState": "transcribed-from-retrieved-source",
    "sourceTable": "Table V: Monthly and annual normals of rainfall and rainy days",
    "caveats": [
      "Historical district normals based on available station records in the nominal 1951–2000 period; not all stations have a complete50-year series",
      "District definitions follow the publication, not certified current or census geography",
      "Annual normal retained as printed; monthly sums may differ slightly because of rounding"
    ],
    "sourcePage": 65,
    "printedPage": 28
  },
  "rivers": [],
  "places": [
    "nalanda-mahavihara"
  ]
}